ACADEMIC FREEDOM / UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: click here
► For historians: click here; for archaeologists: click here;for archivists: click here.

BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
► UN, Charter (1945) [E][F][S]
► UN, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) [E][F][S] → UDHR in 380 languages: click here.
► UN, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (1966) [E][F][S] & Siracusa Principles (1985) [E]
► UN, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) (1966) [E][F][S] & Limburg Principles (1986) [E], Maastricht Guidelines (1997) [E]
     UN, Substantive Issues Arising in the Implementation of the ICESCR (2001) [E]
► UN, General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies (2008) vol. 1 [E][F][S]; vol. 2 [E][F][S]

CONDEMNATIONS, INTERNATIONAL
► Council of Europe, Measures To Dismantle the Heritage of Former Communist Totalitarian Systems, Report (1996) [E]; Resolution 1096 (1996) [E][F]
—, Need for International Condemnation of Crimes of Totalitarian Communist Regimes, Report (2005) [E][F]; Resolution 1481 (2006) [E][F]; Reply Committee of Ministers (2006) [E][F]
—, Need for International Condemnation of the Franco Regime, Report (2005) [E][F]; Recommendation 1736 (2006) [E][F]; Reply Committee of Ministers (2006) [E][F]
—, The Need for International Condemnation of Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932-1933: Motion for a Resolution (2008) [E][F]
► Council of Europe, Commissioner of Human Rights, "Atrocities in the past must be recognised, documented and learned from - but not distorted or misused for political purposes" (2010) [E][F][R]
► European Parliament, Commemoration of the Holodomor, the artificial famine in Ukraine (1932-1933): resolution (2008) [E][F][S]
—, European Conscience And Totalitarianism: Resolution (2009) [E][F][S]
► Organisation for the Security and Co-operation in Europe, Resolution on Divided Europe Reunited (2009) [Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism][E][F]

COPYRIGHT
► Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works(1886, 1979) [E][F][S]
► ICESCR, General Comment 17 (2005) [E]
► World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Copyright Treaty (1996) [E][F][S]
► World Trade Organization (WTO), Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) [E][F][S]

COURTS, STATUTES OF INTERNATIONAL
► International Court of Justice (states), Statute [E][F][S], Rules of Court (2005) [E][F]
► International Criminal Court (citizens), Statute (1998) [E][F]; Amendment (2010)[E]; Elements of Crimes (2002) [E][F]; Amendment (2010)[E]; Rules of Procedure and Evidence (2002) [E][F]; Regulations of the Court (2004) [E][F]

DEMOCRACY
► Inter-Parliamentary Union, Universal Declaration on Democracy (1997) [E][F]
See also website of the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights [E][F][S]

DISAPPEARANCES
► UN, Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (1992) [E][F][S]
—, International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) [E][F][S]

FREEDOM OF OPINION AND EXPRESSION
► UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 34 (2011) [E][F][S]
—, Draft General Comment No. 34 (2010) [E] with statements from Article 19 [E] and the Centre for Law and Democracy [E]
► African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, Declaration Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa (2002) [E]
► Article 19, The Public's Right To Know: Principles on Freedom of Information Legislation (1999) [E][F]
—, Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (1996) [E][F]
► Council of Europe, Declaration on the Freedom of Expression and Information (1982) [E][F]
—, Recommendation No. R (2000) 7 of Committee of Ministers to Member States on the Right of Journalists Not To Disclose Their Sources of Information (incl. Principles) (2000) [E][F]
► Inter-American Commission on HR, Inter-American Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression (2000) [E][F][S]
► UNESCO, Brisbane Declaration: Freedom of Information-The Right To Know (2010) [E]
See also website of the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights [E][F][S]

FUTURE GENERATIONS
► UNESCO, Declaration on Responsibilities of Present Generations towards Future Generations (1997)[E][F][S]
—, Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights (1997) [E][F][S]

GENOCIDE
► UNGA, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) [E][F][S]

HATE SPEECH: See Judicialization of History

HERITAGE
► Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict(1954) [E][F][S]
► UNESCO, Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage (2003) [E][F][S]
—, Convention on Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) [E][F][S]
—, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) [E][F][S]
—, Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) [E][F][S]
—, Declaration Concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage (2003) [E][F][S]
► UNIDROIT, Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (1995) [E][F][S]

HOLOCAUST
► European Union (Parliament), The Holocaust, Anti-semitism and Racism (2005) [E][F][S]
► UNGA, Resolution Condemning Any Denial of Holocaust (2007) [E]
—, 27 January as Annual International Day of Commemoration To Honour Holocaust Victims (2005) [E]
—, Holocaust Remembrance (2005): resolution [E][F][S]; meeting record [E]

IMPUNITY, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL & CULTURAL
► UN Commission on Human Rights, Final Report on the Question of the Impunity of Perpetrators of Human Rights Violations (Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) (1997) [E][F][S]
► Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Recognition of Responsibility and Reparation for Massive and Flagrant Violations of Human Rights Which Constitute Crimes against Humanity and Which Took Place During the Period of Slavery, of Colonialism and Wars of Conquest: decision 2000/114 (2000) [E][F][S]; resolution 2001/1 (2001) [E][F][S]; resolution 2002/5 (2002) [E][F][S]

IMPUNITY, POLITICAL & CIVIL /POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES
► UN Human Rights Council, Resolution 18/L22: Special Rapporteur on the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Guarantees of Non-recurrence (2011) [E][F][S]
► United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles to Combat Impunity (2005) [E][F][S]
—, Impunity: Report of the Independent Expert (2005) [E][F][S]; Study on Best Practices (2004) [E][F][S]
► United Nations, Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties (2009) [E];Mapping the Justice Sector (2006) [E];Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts (2008) [E];Monitoring Legal Systems (2006) [E]; National Consultations on Transitional Justice (2009) [E];Prosecution Initiatives (2006) [E];Reparations Programmes (2008) [E];Truth Commissions (2006) [E];Vetting: An Operational Framework (2006) [E]
► International Human Rights Law Institute, et al., The Chicago Principles on Post-Conflict Justice (2007) [E]
See also: Truth, Right to the

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
► Customary Rules:“List of Customary Rules of International Humanitarian Law” (March 2005) [E]
► Documents on International Humanitarian Law [E] / Dokumente zum Humanitären Völkerrecht (2006) [G]
► Geneva Conventions:I (1949) Wounded soldiers on the battlefield [E][F][S]; II (1949) Wounded and shipwrecked at sea [E][F][S]; III (1949) Prisoners of war [E][F][S]; IV (1949) Civilians under enemy control [E][F][S];Additional Protocols: I (1977) International conflicts [E][F][S]; II (1977) Non-International conflicts [E][F][S]

JOURNALISM
► International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), Status of Journalists and Journalism Ethics: IFJ Principles (2003), withIFJ Declaration of Principles on the Conduct of Journalists (1954; 1986) [E]

JUDICIALIZATION OF HISTORY / MEMORY LAWS / HATE SPEECH
► Amnesty International, Safer To Stay Silent: The Chilling Effect of Rwanda's Laws on "Genocide Ideology" and "Sectarianism" (2010) [E][F]
► Article 19, French Should Scrap Armenian Genocide Law (2006) [E][F]; France: No More “Memory Laws” (2008) [E]; France: Senate Must Reject Armenian Genocide Law (2012) [E]
—, Comment on the Law Relating to the Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Ideology of Rwanda (2009) [E]
—, Russia: Proposed Law Attempts To Regulate History and Memory (2009) [E]; Memorandum on the Russian Draft Federal Law “On Combating the Rehabilitation of Nazism, Nazi Criminals or their Collaborators in the Newly Independent States Created on the Territory of Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” (2009) [E]
—, Turkey: Article 19 Concerned about Continuous Threats to Freedom of Expression (2009) [E]
—, The Camden Principles on Freedom of Expression and Equality (2009) [E][F][S]
► European Union (Council), Framework Decision on Combating Racism and Xenophobia (2008) [E][F][S]
with statements from the American Historical Association [E] and the International Committee of Historical Sciences General Assembly,Motion (September 2007) [E][F]
► Liberté pour L’Histoire, “Appel de Blois,”Le Monde (2008) [F]; Communiqué (2009) [E][F]]
► Mendel, Toby, Study on International Standards Relating to Incitement to Genocide or Racial Hatred for the UN Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide (2006) [E]

MEMORY LAWS: See Judicialization of History

MUSEUMS
► International Council of Museums (ICOM), Code of Ethics for Museums (1986, 2001, 2004) [E]

PRESCRIPTION & IMPRESCRIPTIBILITY
► UNGA, Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes & Crimes against Humanity (1968) [E][F][S]

PRIVACY & PRIVACY INVASION
► European Union, Directive 95/46/EC on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of such Data (1995) [E][F][S]

REPARATION OF HISTORICAL INJUSTICE
► UN Commission on Human Rights, Basic Principles and Guidelines on Right to Remedy and Reparation (2005)[E][F][S]

REPUTATION & DEFAMATION
► Article 19, Defamation ABC (2006) [E][F][S]
—, Defining Defamation: Principles on Freedom of Expression and Protection of Reputation (2000) [E][F]
 
TRUTH, RIGHT TO THE
► UN Human Rights Council (formerly Commission), Resolution 2005/66 (2005) [E][F][S]; Decision 2/105 (2006) [E][F][S]; Resolution 9/11 (2008) [E][F][S]; Resolution 12/12 (2009) [E][F][S]
► UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Study on the Right to the Truth (2006) [E][F][S]; (2007) [E][F][S]; (2009) [E]; (2010) [E]; Report on Archives as Means to Guarantee the Right to the Truth (2011) [E][F][S]
► Organization of American States, Resolution (2006) [E][F][S]; (2007) [E][F][S]; (2008) [E][F][S]; (2009) [E][F][S]; (2010) [E][F][S]; (2011) [E][F][S]
—, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression), Right to the Truth [2003‒4][E][S]
► UNESCO, Brisbane Declaration: Freedom of Information-The Right To Know (2010) [E]
► Article 19, Article 19 and the Right to Truth (2009) [E]

VICTIMS
► UNGA, Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (1985) [E][F][S]

WILLS
► UNIDROIT, Convention Providing a Uniform Law on the Form of an International Will (1973) [E][F][S]